范文為教學(xué)中作為模范的文章,,也常常用來(lái)指寫(xiě)作的模板,。常常用于文秘寫(xiě)作的參考,,也可以作為演講材料編寫(xiě)前的參考,。范文書(shū)寫(xiě)有哪些要求呢,?我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?xiě)好一篇范文呢,?下面我給大家整理了一些優(yōu)秀范文,,希望能夠幫助到大家,我們一起來(lái)看一看吧,。
長(zhǎng)難句100句考研篇一
有些漢字,,比如“明““解“等屬于合成字?!叭铡凹刺?yáng),,是白天光明的來(lái)源;“月“即月亮,是黑夜光明的來(lái)源;所以“明“就“日“和“月“兩個(gè)字合成而來(lái),。 又,,古時(shí)候人們?cè)着J菍ⅰ暗丁胺旁凇芭!暗摹敖恰昂箝_(kāi)始將其解體的,,所以,“解“字就由“角““刀和“?!叭齻€(gè)字合成而來(lái),。在英語(yǔ)詞匯里有與此類似的合成 詞,這些合成詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的具有獨(dú)立意義的子詞組合而成的,,而且合成詞的意義通常就是其構(gòu)成中子詞意義的疊加與復(fù)合,。根據(jù)子詞與合成詞的內(nèi)在關(guān)系記憶英語(yǔ)單詞,就好比是對(duì)合成漢字進(jìn)行“以形說(shuō)義“一樣,。所以,,我們把合成記憶法看作是英語(yǔ)單詞“說(shuō)文解字“之一。
1. football n. 足球,,足球比賽〔foot腳,、足,ball球;主要靠腳踢來(lái)進(jìn)行的球賽〕
2. himself pron. 他自己,,他親自〔him他,,self自己〕
3. overcome vt. 戰(zhàn)勝,,克服〔over越過(guò),come來(lái);努力地越過(guò)各種障礙而來(lái)〕
4. sometime ad. 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候,,過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候〔some某一,,time時(shí)候〕
5. widespread a. 分布廣的,散布廣的〔wide寬廣的,,spread散布,、蔓延〕
就像漢字由偏旁部首組成一樣,許多英語(yǔ)單詞也是由詞根,、詞綴按照一定的邏輯聯(lián)系構(gòu)成的,。單詞數(shù)量雖然浩瀚如海,但常用的詞根,、詞綴數(shù)量和漢字的偏旁部首差不多,,只有二三百個(gè)。若利用詞根,、詞綴對(duì)英語(yǔ)單詞進(jìn)行構(gòu)詞分析和解形釋義,,單詞既好認(rèn)又好記,詞義一目了然,。如果像歸納分析同部漢字那樣歸納分析同根的英語(yǔ)單詞,,還可舉一反三,觸類旁通,,很快地記住一組組的單詞,。這方面,構(gòu)詞分析法與漢字的“以形說(shuō)義“有異曲同工之妙,,可以說(shuō)是英語(yǔ)單詞的“說(shuō)文解字“之二,。
詞根是一個(gè)單詞的核心部分,它表示單詞的基本詞義,。有的詞根能單獨(dú)使用而成為單詞,,叫做“自由詞根“或“根詞“。前綴是加在詞根或單詞前面的部分,,它具有一定的含義,,能改變、限制或加強(qiáng)詞根和單詞的含義,。前綴的表示方式是在字母或字母組合后面加一短橫,,如in-。后綴是加在詞根或單詞后面的部分,,對(duì)詞根和單詞的意義進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,。常用的后綴有名詞后綴、動(dòng)詞后綴、副詞后綴和形容詞后綴四種形式,。后綴的表示方式是在字母或字母組合前面加附一短橫,,如-er。中綴是在單詞里起連接作用的字母或字母組合,。
1. advise vt. 勸告,,建議〔前綴ad-對(duì)、向,,詞根vis看,,-e動(dòng)詞后綴;就某件事應(yīng)該如何做向別人提出自己的看法〕
2. invisible a. 看不見(jiàn)的,無(wú)形的〔前綴in-不,、無(wú),,詞根vis看,形容詞后綴-ible可…的;不可能被看見(jiàn)的〕
3. revise vt. 復(fù)習(xí),,修改〔前綴re-再,、又,詞根vis看,,-e動(dòng)詞后綴;為了究錯(cuò)而再次查看〕
4. television n. 電視,,電視機(jī)〔詞根tele遠(yuǎn),詞根vis看,,-ion名詞后綴;通過(guò)電波由遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)可供觀看的圖像〕
5. visual a. 看得見(jiàn)的,,視覺(jué)的〔詞根vis看,形容詞后綴-ual…的;看得見(jiàn)的
注意:① 同一詞根或詞綴有變體形式,,詞根,、詞綴也存在著同形異義、異形同義的情況,。②讀者在初學(xué)時(shí)不宜孤立地背記詞根和詞綴,,要在常用詞匯的構(gòu)詞分析中循序漸進(jìn),日積月累地學(xué)習(xí)和記憶詞根,、詞綴等構(gòu)詞知識(shí),,否則越學(xué)越糊涂。凡是能用詞根和詞綴記憶的單詞,,都一一進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的構(gòu)詞分析,,讀者可以在潛 移默化的過(guò)程中牢記那些難以掌握的詞根和詞綴,。
我們稍微留心一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),,盡管漢字和英語(yǔ)單詞是兩種截然不同的語(yǔ)言文字,但它們有著共同的表現(xiàn)形式:漢語(yǔ)拼音字母與英文字母同形,。這就使得某些漢字的拼音字母組合(對(duì)無(wú)關(guān)緊要的拼音聲符進(jìn)行省略)與一些英語(yǔ)單詞的英文字母組合恰好相同,。對(duì)于常用的漢字,我們已基本上爛熟于心,若利用漢語(yǔ)拼音為中介與英語(yǔ)單詞進(jìn)行奇特聯(lián)想,,就能既快又牢地記住英語(yǔ)單詞,。
我們都知道,漢語(yǔ)里有異音異義的同形字,,英語(yǔ)里有異音異義的同形詞,,而我們這里采用的可以說(shuō)是一種特殊的 “漢英同形字詞記憶法“。在此,,我們將漢語(yǔ)拼音比作梯子,,記住了單詞喻為上樓,故稱為“借梯上樓法“,。
1. ban n. 禁令,,禁止〔頒〈ban〉布禁令〕
2. die v. 死,死亡〔諜〈die〉報(bào)工作危險(xiǎn),,多是九死一生〕
3. hang vi. 懸掛,,吊著〔吊著嗓子,引吭〈hang〉高歌〕
4. pin n. 別針,,針飾〔針飾是精品〈pin〉〕
5. song n. 歌曲,,歌聲〔送〈song〉你一首歌〕
長(zhǎng)難句100句考研篇二
the relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61)(61)the greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in europe long before people realized how spanerse language could be.
only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different rom their anthropologists—linguists,franz boas and edward sapir,,were pioneers in describing many native languages of north and south america during the first half of the twentieth century.
(62)we are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,,as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native linguists in the earlier part of this century,however,,who were less eager to deal with bizarre(古怪的)data from“exotic(外來(lái)的)”language,,were not always so grateful. (63)the newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of europe and southeast asia that some scholars even accused boas and sapir of fabricating their american languages are indeed different,so much so in fact that navajo could be used by the us military as a code during world warⅱto sand secret messages.
sapir’s pupil,,benjamin lee whorf,,continued the study of american indian languages. (64)being interested in the relationship of the language and thought,whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language,,the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65)whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,,in its
這里的“形”指的是從比較中總結(jié)這類句子的特點(diǎn)。長(zhǎng)難句其實(shí)并不難,,它僅僅是將多個(gè)從句或者較復(fù)雜的從句呈現(xiàn)在了考生面前,,只要了解考查點(diǎn),熟悉從句幾種形式,,再?gòu)?fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句也稱不上難句了,。
長(zhǎng)難句的一般形式包括名詞性從句,形容詞性從句(即定語(yǔ)從句),,狀語(yǔ)從句,。其中,,名詞性從句又包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句,、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,。
為了同學(xué)們更便于理解,接下來(lái)給大家分別舉幾個(gè)例子助“消化”,。
例一:robert fulton once wrote, "the mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "
【句子主干】
robert fulton once wrote, “the mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…”
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)】
1)like…分句是省略了who 的主語(yǔ)從句中的分句,,considering…分句是現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句可以拿到句首,,也可以在句尾,。一般來(lái)說(shuō)較長(zhǎng)的狀語(yǔ)從句置于句尾,較短的置于句首,,為的是使句子看上去顯得簡(jiǎn)潔一些,。
2)like分句中出現(xiàn)了比較多的省略,補(bǔ)全以后是who like a poet who is among the letters…,。英語(yǔ)中的從句之所以是難點(diǎn)就是因?yàn)榇罅康厥÷砸龑?dǎo)詞,。
【句子翻譯】
羅博特·富爾頓曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)道,機(jī)械工將坐在杠桿,、螺絲,、楔、輪子等周圍,,像詩(shī)人對(duì)待字母表中的每個(gè)字母一樣,,把它們作為自己的思路展示,每一個(gè)新組合都傳送一個(gè)新概念,。
【翻譯技巧】
如果嚴(yán)格地翻譯,like分句應(yīng)該譯為“像對(duì)待字母表中字母的詩(shī)人一樣”,,原因是這個(gè)從句修飾的是機(jī)械工,,應(yīng)該用詩(shī)人來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng),但這樣一來(lái),,就不符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣了,。
例二:such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business。
【句子主干】
such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)】
本句是典型的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,,難點(diǎn)在其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定,,并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,,一個(gè)是(which was)representing… ,另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…,。
可見(jiàn),定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu),,從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆,。