在日常的學(xué)習(xí)、工作,、生活中,，肯定對各類范文都很熟悉吧。那么我們該如何寫一篇較為完美的范文呢,？下面是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文,，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友,。

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇一

定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,，主句與從句不用逗號分開,，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,，起補充說明作用,，如省去，意思仍完整,。

關(guān)系代詞的用法

that 既可以用于指人,，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,，作主語時不可省略,，作賓語可省略。

（一）定語從句填空訓(xùn)練題

i.單項填空,。

1. -do you know the man ______is talking with your father,？

-yes， he’s our headmaster.

a. he b. who c. which d. whom

2. is this the river _____i can swim,？

a. which b. in which c. that d. the one

3. this is the best hotel in the city _____i know.

a. where b. which c. that d. it

4. can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day,？

a. that you bought b. you bought it

c. that you bought it d. which you bought it

5. anyone ______with what i said may put up you hands.

a. which agrees b. who agree

c. who agrees d. which agree

6. my watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

a. that b. it c. which who

7. the man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

a. who’s b. whose c. that of which.

8. the girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

a. which； is b. whom,； was c. who,； is d. who； was

9. i love places ______the people are really friendly.

a. that b. which c. where d. who

10. the world ______ is made up of matter.

a. in that we live b. on which we live

c. where we live in d. we live in

ⅱ. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,， which,， who， whom填空,。

1. the first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. april 1st is the day _____is called april fool’s day in the west.

3. the family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. the house _____we live in is very old.

5. didn’t you see the man ______i talked with just now,？

參考答案：

i. 1-5bbcac 6-10 abccd

ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that

（二）定語從句填空訓(xùn)練題--用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：

1. i still remember the night _______i first came to the house.

2. ill never forget the day________ we met each other last week.

3. mr black is going to beijing in october, _______is the best season there.

4. i will never forget the days _______i spent with your family.

5. ill never forget the last day______ we spent together.

6. this is the school ______i used to study.

7. do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?

8. do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?

9. have you ever been to hangzhou,_____is famous for the west lake?

10. have you ever bee to hangzhou, ______lies the west lake?

11. tom will go to shanghai,______live his two brothers.

12. i live in beijing,____is the capital of china.

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇二

1．定語從句在句中作定語用，修飾句中的某一名詞（或代詞），被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后,。引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：

關(guān)系代詞：who，whom,，whose,，which，that

關(guān)系副詞：when,，where,，why, that等。

⒈定語從句試題,，主要考查使用關(guān)系詞的能力,。

○1找出被修飾的先行詞，分析關(guān)系詞在從句中的語法作用,，確定關(guān)系代詞：

this is the hospital（that）we visited yesterday．

此句的先行詞為hospital,可用which／that,，但不可用who，whom,。關(guān)系詞在從句中作visit的賓語,，不可用where。

又如：we visited a factory＿which or that＿makes toys for children.

we visited the factory __where__ li ming’s father once worked.

○2掌握 which和that使用上的區(qū)別,。

a. 只能用which的情況：

（l）先行詞是物時,，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which，不用that,。

this is the home in which（＝where）lu xun once lived.

若介詞不前置,用that也可,。

如：the room which／that we live in is clean．

（2）在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞用which．

last night i saw a very good film, which was about the anti-japanese war.

（3）先行詞為物,，且被that或those修飾時,，通常用which。如：

that book which tom bought yesterday is useful.

b.在下列情況下,，一般用that,。

（1）先行詞為all, everything, nothing,，something,，anything,，little,，no，much,，the only,，the same,，the very,，the first,，the last，any，every時,。如：

is there anything（that）1 can do for you in town,？

he was the only teacher（that）i knew in your schoo1．

（2）先行詞為形容詞最高級所修飾時。

this is one of the most exciting football games (that) i have ever seen.

it was the finest art exhibition that we ever saw.

先行詞中既有人,，也有物時。如：

can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?

○3用詞不可重復(fù),。定語從句中,，己有關(guān)系詞作主語、賓語或狀語時,，不可再重復(fù),。如：

the man＿＿＿＿was a friend of mine！

a. that you just talked to b. whom you just talked to him

c. who you just talked to him d. which you just talked to

○4as 和which可代表全句意思,，但其用法有差別,。它們引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以用整個主句作為先行詞,，指代上面或下面所說的一件事,。區(qū)別如下：

a. as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句之前或之后，而which只可放在主句之后,。如：

as is known to us all, we have made great progress in science and technology.

tom failed in the exam, which made us so sorry.

b. 從句中的謂語動詞是describe, do, tell, know, expect,，see, hear, watch, say, show等實義動詞時，用as.

as we all know, shakespeare is a famous writer.

to shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.

there is great disorder, as the newspapers will have told you.

c. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或從句謂語帶有一個復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時,，一般用which而不用as,。

如：

you pretended not to know me, which i didn’t understand.

he admires everyone in the class, which i find quite strange.

d. as 作關(guān)系代詞常與the same, such配合使用。

如：

i had the same things as you.

metals are such things as iron, silver and gold.

○5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞中介詞的選用

（1） 根據(jù)與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配,。

i will never forget the day on which i joined the party.

（2） 根據(jù)和從句中動詞的固定搭配,。

this is not the dictionary of which the teacher spoke in class.

（3） 根據(jù)句子的具體意義。

he invented a telescope, with which he could study the sky.

○6使用定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：

（1）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時,，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定,。

the mm who lives downstairs speaks english fluently.

the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hi11 tomorrow。

(2)定語從句有時不直接緊靠著先行詞,，中間由一個定語,、狀語或謂語隔開。

如：

there is an expression in his eyes that i can’t understand．

the days are gone forever when the chinese people were looked down upon,。

(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞可以用“介詞+which”來代替,。

如：

0ctober l，1949 was the day on which（=when）the people’s republic of china was founded.

(4)當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的短語動詞時,，短語動詞的各個固定的部分不要拆開,。

the dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.

the sick man whom she is 1ooking after is her father.

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇三

第四講

高 考 命 題 走 向：

定語從句是重要的語法現(xiàn)象，學(xué)好定語從句對于更好地理解文章具有相當(dāng)重要的意義，近年來高考試題多考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,，區(qū)別限定性從句和非限定性從句,，定語從句和狀語從句的不同，關(guān)系代詞在介詞后的使用等,。

預(yù)的高考題將在關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇,，which在非限定性從句中的使用，which與it的區(qū)別,，that在關(guān)系從句中的使用,，關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞的使用區(qū)別，as在定語從句中的使用等幾方面進行考核,。

高 考 試 題 自 評：

1. in the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help. (met92)

a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom

2. the weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. (met94)

a. what b. which c. that d. it

3. caral said the work would be done by october, __ personally i doubt very much. (met99)

a. it b. that c. when d. which

4. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. (上海98)

a. which b. as c. that d. it

5. recently i bought an ancient chinese vase, ___ was very reasonable. (上海99)

a. which price b. the price of which

c. its price d. the price of whose

6. ---- i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.

---- is that the reason ___ you had a few days off?

a. why b. when c. what d. where (nmet99)

7. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.

a. who b. which c. this d. what (met)

8. the result of the experiment was very good, ___ we hadn’t expected. (2000春)

a. when b. that c. which d. what

9. the film brought the hours back to me ___ i was taken good care of in that far-away village.

a. until b. that c. when d. where (nmet01)

10. ___ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (nmet)

a. it b. as c. that d. what

11. alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

a. with him b. who

c. with whom c. whom (上海)

12. there’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a ufo is. (上海2002)

a. that b. which c. of which d. what

13. york, ___last year, is a nice old city.(北京)

a. that i visited b. which i visited

c. where i visited d. in which i visited

訓(xùn) 練 提 高：

1. jack old me everything __ he knew about it.

a, what b. that c. which d. who

2. lei lei is the girl __ pronunciation is the best in our class.

a. whose b. who c. whos d. that

3. i, __ your best friend, will try my best to help you.

a. who is b. who am c. that is d. which am

4. all ____ should be done has been done.

a. what b. which c. that d. whatever

5. who is the boy __ is reading under the tree over

there?

a. whom b. who c. which d. that

6. around the factory, there are a lot of people __ the smoke from it does great harm.

a. to whom b. for who c. whom d. to who

7. she is the only one of the girls in our class __ been to the united states.

a. who have b. that had c. whom has d. that has

8. the room __ window is still bright is our head teachers office.

a. which b. its c. whose d. of whose

9. i have three uncles, two of ___ are teachers.

a. whom b. who c. them d. which

10. can you lend me the book __ the other day?

a. you talked about it b. that you talked

c. about that you talked d. you talked about

11. the two old friends talked about the persons and places __ impressed them most.

a. which b. who c. where d. that

12. these articles are written in simple language, __

makes it easy to read.

a. that b. this c. which d. it

13. my father works in the factory __ this type of truck is made.

a. in where b. in which

c. from which d. of which

14. the school ____ we visited last week was built in 1956.

a. / b. where c. that d. both a and c

15. i shall never forget the day __ we spent swimming in that beautiful lake.

a. when b. in which c. that d. on which

16. i shall never forget the day __ i joined the league.

a. on which b. in which c. that d. when that

17. china is not the same country __ it was twenty years ago.

a. that b. as c. which d. like

18. he arrived half an hour late, __ made us unhappy.

a. as b. that c. which d. when

19. wang fei is the boy __ i think is the most diligent in our class.

a. who b. whom c. about whom d. him

20. he is one of the few boys who __ been given the price.

a. were b. has c. have d. was

21. is the river __ through that town very large?

a. flows b. the one flows

c. that flowing d. that flows

22. ___ leaves the room last should lock the door.

a. those who b. anyone c. he d. whoever

23. she heard a terrible noise, __ brought her heart into her mouth.

a. it b. which c. this d. that

24. i gave him a warning, ____ he turned a deaf ear.

a. of which b. for which

c. about which d. to which

25. there is a mountain ____ the top is covered with snow all the year round.

a. of that b. whose c. its d. of which

26. i have some letters to write __ put off.

a. what is not to b. that can t be

c. which cannot d. it cant be

27. the teacher told us the truth ____ practice makes perfect.

a. that b. which c. about which d. why

28. tom told the teacher the reason ___ he was late again.

a. that b. for why c. for that d. for which

29. you should put the book ___ you took it.

a. that b. where c. which d. there

30. is this pen ____ you are looking for?

a. the one b. that c. which d. it

殲 滅 難 點 訓(xùn) 練 題：

1.----do you know our town at all?

---- no, this is the first time i __ here.

a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming

2. he paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows, most of __ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.

a. these b. those c. that d. which

3. all __ is needed is a supply of oil.

a. the thing b. that c. what d. which

4. after living in paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town __ he grew up as a child.

a. which b. where c. that d. when

5. his parents wouldnt let him marry anyone __ family was poor.

a. of whom b. whom c. of whose d. whose

6. the word“ write” has the same pronunciation __ the word “fight”.

a. of b. as c. to d. from

7. finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

a. which b. what c. whatever d. that

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇四

定語從句（attributive clauses）在句中做定語,，修飾一個名詞或代詞；被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞,。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等,。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等,。

☆ 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用取決于先行詞及它們在定語從句中的語法成份

關(guān)系代詞 先行詞 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法成份

who 人 主語

whom 人 賓語

whose 人或物 定語

which 物 主語或賓語

that 人或物 主語或賓語

關(guān)系副詞 先行詞 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法成份

when 表時間的名詞 時間狀語

where 表地點的名詞 地點狀語

why 表原因的名詞 原因狀語

that用于表示時間、地點,、方式,、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”可作關(guān)系副詞

1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語,、賓語,、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致,。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎,？（who/that在從句中作主語）

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人,。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物,，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,，大家都跑過去幫忙。

please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書,。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,，在從句中可作主語、賓語等,，例如：

a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮,。（which / that在句中作賓語）

the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了,。(which / that在句中作賓語)

☆ 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時，可把關(guān)系代詞省掉

2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間,、地點或理由的名詞,，在從句中作狀語。

1）when, where, why

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu),，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,，例如：

there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地,。

is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎,？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時間、地點,、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,，在口語中that常被省略,，例如：

his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方,。

3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞,，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞,；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.

ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.

判斷改錯

this is the mountain village where i visited last year.

i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.

this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.

ill never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主,、謂,、賓、定,、狀),，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

a. where b. that c. on which d. the one

例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

a. where b. that c. on which d. the one

4 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種,。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：

this is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子,。（限制性）

the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,，例如：

charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了,，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園,。

this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人,，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時as和which代替的是整個主句,，相當(dāng)于and this或and that,。as一般放在句首，which在句中,。并且從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),，例如：

he seems not to have grasped what i meant, (=and that)which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩,。

liquid water changes to vapor, which (=and that) is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

☆ as還在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

① the same as : he is just the same as he use to be.他還是和過去一樣

② such…as : such passengers as survived the explosing were drowned.象那些在爆炸中幸免遇難的乘客都被淹死了

③ as…as : as many as we found were taken to the hospital.我們找到多少就送到醫(yī)院

☆關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,。

5 介詞+關(guān)系詞 (介詞前置：關(guān)系代詞如果在定語從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語,，可把介詞前置到關(guān)系代詞的前面，形成介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu))

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略,。

2）that前不能有介詞,。

3）如果關(guān)系代詞是動詞短語的賓語，動詞短語的介詞不能前置

錯誤用法：this is the girl of whom he will take care.

正確用法：this is the gril whom he will take care of

4）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間,，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換,。

this is the house in which i lived two years ago.

this is the house where i lived two years ago.

do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

do you remember the day when you joined our club?

☆另外還應(yīng)注意的是:

①way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that

i really dont like the way (that) he talks.

that was the way in which the old lady looked after us.

②of which起形容詞的作用,，相當(dāng)于whose（用來指物）

they live in a house whose door (the door of which) opens to the south.

③相同的先行詞在表示不同的含義時,，要根據(jù)其含義用不同的介詞。

i cant remember the age at which he won the prize.我記不起他獲得獎金的年紀(jì)

that is the age in which people live in peace and happiness. 那正是人們生活在和平幸福的時期

age在前句中意為“年歲”,，與at搭配,，在后句中意為“時期”，與in搭配,。

④先行詞或定語從句中的動詞,、形容詞要根據(jù)不同的具體語境選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 this is the bus on which the accident happened. 這是發(fā)交通意外的那輛巴士

this is the bus by which i came to this town. 這是我搭程去鎮(zhèn)上的巴士

6 which和that 的選用

1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞(everything , something , anything , littlt , much)時,，只能用that

is there anything that i can help you? 有什么我可以幫你的嗎,？

2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞所修飾時，只能用that

this is the second book that was written by the writter. 這是那個作者寫的第二本書

3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時,，只能用that

this is the best film that i have ever seen. 這是我所看過的最好的電影

4)當(dāng)先行詞前有限定詞(or , every , a few , noly , some , very等)修飾時,，只能用that

this is the only film that i wanted to see. 那正是我唯一想看的電影

5）在there be句型中，只用that,，不用which

6）先行詞既有人,，又有物時,，只能用that

5)當(dāng)介詞前置時，只能用which(p5-2)

6)在非限制定語從句,，只能用which(并在前用 ,，號與主句隔開)

7 but引導(dǎo)的定語從句相當(dāng)于一個否定從句

there is no one but knows about the matter. 沒有人不知道這事

8定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別

1）同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容,；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補充一些情況,。

the news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通過了考試這一消息是真的,。（同位語從句，即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容,。）

the news that he told me just now is true．他剛才告訴我的消息是真的,。 （定語從句，從句對前面名詞起修飾限制作用,，即“他告訴我的”那個消息,，而不是別的消息。）

2) 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞,，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,，除起連接作用外,，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等,。如：

the idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇,。（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份。）

the idea that he gave surprises many people． 他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚,。 （that在從句中作gave的賓語,。）

定語從句練習(xí)

1易混易錯定語從句練習(xí)

有些定語從句方面的題，如果不仔細(xì)審題,、不弄清句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),，就很可能把一些似是而非的東西搞混，從而降低解題的準(zhǔn)確性,。要想解決這個問題就得從準(zhǔn)確理解句意和理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,。

1．①who lives in the house ＿＿＿ windows face south？

② who lives in the house ＿＿＿ the windows face south,？

a．whose b．which c．of which d．that

解析：答案是①a②c,。在句①中windows前沒有定冠詞，它所缺的是定語形容詞,，而whose的用法就是在定語從句中作定語且既可指人也可指物,。在句②中windows前有定冠詞,，所以要填的內(nèi)容不能作前置定語，又因為“房子的窗戶”用英語表達是“the windows of the house”,，故可用of which引導(dǎo)定語從句,。

2．①is this factory ＿＿＿ you visited last year？

②is this the factory ＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last year,？ a．that b．of which c．the one d．wher

解析：答案是①c②a,。在句①中factory前沒有定冠詞，這說明this是作它的定語,。這樣,，句中就缺少表語，也就是說定語從句缺少先行詞,，故選c（the one后省略了that）,。在句②中this作主語，the factory作表語,，其后帶一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,，故選a

3．①john is the only one of the students who＿＿＿french．

②john is one of the students who ＿＿＿ french．

a．know b．knows c．knowing d．known

解析：答案是①b②a。在句①中的句意是“約翰是學(xué)生中唯一懂法語的那個學(xué)生”,，其重心是the only one故從句謂語動詞應(yīng)與one一致,。在句②中的句意是“約翰是懂法語的學(xué)生中的一個”，也就是“懂法語的學(xué)生不止一個,，約翰只是其中之一”,，其重心是the students，故從句中謂語動詞應(yīng)與students一致,。

4．①when i have trouble,，he is the only one ＿＿＿i can ask for help．

②when i have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿i can go for help．

a．whom b．to whom c．which d．to who

解析：答案是①a②b,。句①中,，在結(jié)構(gòu)上所要添的內(nèi)容在從句中作ask的賓語其句式是ask sb．for sth．，故用whom引導(dǎo)定語從句,。在句②中,，go是不及物動詞其句式是go to sb．for sth．，故用to whom引導(dǎo)定語從句,。

5．①this is the knife ＿＿＿i usually cut my pencil．

②this is the knife ＿＿＿i usually use to cut my pencil．

a．with which b．which c．by which d．with that

解析：答案是①a②b,。在句①中，定語從句的句式是cut my pencil with the knife,，故用with which引導(dǎo)定語從句,。在句②中，定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是use the knife to cut my pencil,，故用which引導(dǎo)定語從句,。

6．①last summer he went to beijing,，＿＿＿ he had visited twice．

②last summer he went to beijing，＿＿＿ he visited a lot of places of interest．

a．which b．where c．that d．there

解析：答案是①a或b②b,。在句①中,，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中應(yīng)作visited的賓語，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞which或that,。在句②中,，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中作地點狀語，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞where,。 7．①he still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent together．

②he still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent the summer holidays together．

a．which b．when c．where d．that

解析：答案是①a②b,。在句①中，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中應(yīng)作spent的賓語,，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞which,。在句②中，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中作時間狀語,，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞when,。

8．①the reason ＿＿＿ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．

②the reason ＿＿＿ he was late was thathis car broke down on the way．

a．why b．which c．how d．what

解析：答案是①b②a。在句①中,，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中應(yīng)作gave的賓語,，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞which。在句②中,，所要填的內(nèi)容在定語從句中作原因狀語,，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞why。

2高考真題練習(xí)

1. (’03北京24)york, ________ last year ,is a nice old city.

a. that i visited b. which i visited c. where i visited d. in which i visited

【解析】 考查非限制性定語從句,。是用關(guān)系代詞或者是用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，要根據(jù)他們在定語從句中的成份來確定,，visit是及物動詞,，后面需要用關(guān)系代詞作賓語，排除c,，d,。that 不用于非限制性定語從句中，排除a,。答案為b,。

2.(’03上海41)i can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.

a. why b. which c. as d. where

【解析】 考查定語從句。此句的先行詞是many cases,，單看從句與先行詞的關(guān)系應(yīng)是：students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay in many cases.因此應(yīng)用in which或where引導(dǎo)定語從句,，備選答案中沒有in which，于是選where,。答案為d,。

3. (’03上海44)there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.a. that ...to be improved b. which...to be improved c. where ...improving d .when...improving

【解析】 考查同位語從句,。因為先行詞在從句中不作任何成份，因此用關(guān)系詞that,，故b,、c、d均不正確,。對于第2個空,，need既可作實義動詞，又可作情態(tài)動詞,。作實義動詞時后跟動詞不定式,，即need to do sth，另外 road conditions與improve之間是被動關(guān)系,，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing),。譯文：私家車受歡迎所涉及到的新問題是道路狀況需要改善。答案為a,。

4.(’03北京春季31)we are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.

a. which b. that c. whose d. when

【解析】 這是定語從句,，先行詞是age,表時間，所以用when引導(dǎo),。答案為d,。

5.(’03安徽春季24)people have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see _________he will do.

a. how b. what c. when d. that 【解析】 考查賓語從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,，在從句中作do的賓語,。排除a、c,、d,。答案為b。

6.(’03上海春季32)_________ has been announced ,we shall have our final exams next month.

a. that b. as c. it d. what

【解析】 as引導(dǎo)定語從句表示“正如……”,，并非某個名詞或代詞是先行詞,，而是整個主句所表達的內(nèi)容是定語從句所修飾的。譯文：正如所宣布的那樣,，下月我們將進行期末考試,。答案為b。

7.(’02北京22)we will be shown around the city :schools ,museums ,and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go. a. what b. which c. where d. when

【解析】 這是一個定語從句,，先行詞是places,，表示地點，非限定性定語從句中缺少狀語,，因此用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句,，故要填where。譯文：我們被帶領(lǐng)著參觀了這座城市：學(xué)校、博物館和其他一些游人很少去的地方,。答案為c,。 8.(’02上海31)alec asked the policeman _______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

a. with him b. who c. with whom d. whom

【解析】 這是一個定語從句，the policeman是先行詞,。work是不及物動詞,，“work with sb”意為“與某人共事”，所以定語從句應(yīng)為with whom he worked,。譯文：無論何時發(fā)生事故時,，alec要求與他一起工作的警察與他聯(lián)系。答案為c,。

9.(’02上海35)theres a feeling in me _______well never know what a ufo is-not ever.

a. that b. which c. of which d. what

【解析】 同位語從句that well never know what a ufo is-not ever作a feeling的同位語,，解釋a feeling的具體內(nèi)容。that連接同位語從句時,，只起連接作用不作從句的任何成分,。譯文：我有一個這樣的感覺，我們不會知道什么是ufo--永遠(yuǎn)不會,。答案為a,。

10.(’02京、蒙,、皖春季35)the famous basketball star, ______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

a. where b. when c. which d. who

【解析】 先行詞是the famous basketball表示人,，非限定性定語從句中缺少主語，因此要填who,。who在定語從句中作主語,。答案為d。

11.(’02上海春季35)is this the reason _______at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

a. he explained b. what he explained c. how he explained d. why he explained

【解析】 the reason后接定語從句,。因為先行詞the reason作explained的賓語,，用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中作賓語時省略。譯文：這就是他在會議上對他為什么在工作上粗心大意的理由所作的解釋嗎?答案為a,。

12.(’01全國22)the film brought the hours back to me_________i was taken good care of in that far-away village.

a. until b. that c. when d. where

【解析】 when引導(dǎo)定語從句(the hours的定語),，修飾先行詞the hours,when在從句中作狀語。譯文：這部電影使我回憶起我在那偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊得到無微不至的照顧的時光,。答案為c。

13.(’01上海35)information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as

【解析】 這是一個同位語從句,。that引導(dǎo)從句作information的同位語,，解釋information的具體內(nèi)容。注意：that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語,、賓語,、表語和同位語從句)的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只起引導(dǎo)作用，在從句中不作成分,。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,，that可省略，而在其他三個從句中,，that雖不作成份,，一般也不省略；what在這四個名詞從句中一定作成分,，作主語,、賓語、表語或補語,。譯文：有消息說,，更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生將進入大學(xué)。答案為b,。

14.(’01上海37)hes got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

a. where b. which c. while d. why

【解析】 這是一個定語從句,。先行詞是a dangerous situation。因為situation的意思是“位置”,，所以要填where,。譯文：他已陷入飛機似乎失去控制的危險境地。答案為a,。

15.(’01京,、蒙、皖春季11)john said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______was true.

a. he b. this c. which d. who

【解析】 考查非限定性定語從句,。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,，修飾整個主句所表達的內(nèi)容。答案為c,。

16.(’01上海春季30)have you seen the film “titanic”, ________leading actor is world famous?

a. its b. its c. whose d. which

【解析】 這是一個定語從句,，因為先行詞the film “titanic”和leading actors是所屬關(guān)系，所以要填寫whose,。答案選c,。

17.(’00全國17題)dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _________,of course , made the others unhappy. a．who b．which c．this d．what

【解析】 這是一個非限制性定語從句，which指代dorothy夸大自己在劇中角色的作用這件事,。答案選b,。

18.(’00上海28)recently i bought an ancient chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable. a. which price b. the price of which c. its price d. the price of whose

【解析】 這是一個非限定性定語從句。根據(jù)句意可知是花瓶的價格,。在定語從句中表示“誰的”,，可以這樣表達，如：i live in the room whose windows face south(名詞前沒有冠詞,，用whose)=i live in the room the windows of which face south(如果名詞前有冠詞就用of which),，答案為b。

19.(’00上海30)she found her calculator ________ she lost it.

a. where b. when c. in which d. that

【解析】 這是一個地點狀語從句，意思是“東西是在丟的地方找到的,?！眎n which用于定語從句中，其前必須有先行詞,。這個句子中沒有先行詞,，所以不能填in which。答案為a,。

20.(’00上海35)greenland, ________island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.

a. it is the largest b. that is the largest c. is the largest largest

【解析】 有些考生把這個句子理解成了定語從句,，誤選了選項b。如果這是非限制性定語從句,，必須用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo),，而不用that，即which is the largest islad in the world,。實際上,，the largest island in the world作greenland的同位語。答案選d,。

21.(’00京,、皖春季10)the result of the experiment was very good, ________we hadnt expected.

a. when b. that c. which d. what 【解析】 這是一個非限制性定語從句，which在定語從句中作hadnt expected的賓語,。這句話的意思是“實驗的結(jié)果很好,，是沒有預(yù)想到的”。答案選c,。

22.(’00京,、皖春季16)it was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,________for the first time in years their team won the world cup.

a. that b. while c. which d. when 【解析】 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以排除that和which。再根據(jù)所提供的情境it was an exciting moment可以看出是一個時間狀語從句,。注意：while的意思是during the time that表示一段時間內(nèi),；when的意思是of that time that表示某個時刻，與an exciting moment相對應(yīng),。這句話的意思是“當(dāng)他們的隊首次進入世界杯時,，對于這些足球迷來說是今年的一個令人激動的時刻”。答案為d,。

23.(’全國19)carol said the work would be done by october, ________personally i doubt very much.

a. it b. that c. when d. which 【解析】 在這個非限制性定語從句中,，關(guān)系代詞which代替carol所說的話。這句話的意思是“carol說工作將在十月完成,，我個人對此表示懷疑,。”答案選d,。

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇五

定語從句總結(jié)

定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who,、whom、whose,、which,、what、as和關(guān)系副詞where,、when,、why等引導(dǎo)，但須記?。?/p>

不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.

2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分,。

一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose,、whom,、that. 試分析：

the old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

miss wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to beijing .

the man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=the man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

a. 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。

1.先行詞為one,、ones或anyone

(1)the comrade i want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

(2)anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2.先行詞為these時

these who are going to beijing are the best students of our school.

3.在there be 開頭的句子中

there is a student who wants to see you.

4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句,，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個宜用who,，以免重復(fù),。

the student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5.在非限制性定語從句中

a。i met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from japan.

b.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who,。

二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which,、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：

1. i like the books which / that were written by lu xun.

2. the desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3. this is the house in which we lived last year. (= this is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

4. i live in the room whose windows face south. (= i live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

a. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關(guān)系代詞之前時,，只能用whom,、which不能用who或that.

(1). the girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). the book in which there are many interesting things was written by li ming.

b. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置,，只能放在其動詞之后,。

is this the book which she is looking for?

the old man who/whom they are waiting for is professor li.

the child who/whom she is looking after is wang ping’s son.

c. 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ,，不宜用which,。

(1)先行詞為不定代詞，如all,、much,、anything、everything,、nothing,、something、none,、the one等,。

we are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

i have told them all (that) i know.

all that can be done has been done.

(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞,、修飾時。

the first book that i read last night was an english novel.

(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時,。

this is one of the most interesting films that i have ever seen.

this is the best that can be done now.

(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物),，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that,。

we know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

there are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

(5)如果先行詞被the only,、the very、the last,、the same,、any、few ,、little,、no、all ,、one of,、just修飾時。

this is the only book that can be lent to you.

(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時,，關(guān)系代詞只用that,。

which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

d.只物時，下列情況下只能用which,，不宜用that,。

(1)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后

this is the factory in which we once worked.

(2)非限制性定語從句中

this is the book, which is written by lu xun.

(3)that，those作主語時

those which are on the desk are english books.

e.先行詞前有such,、the same,、as時, 關(guān)系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的

he knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

三.比較when/which,、where /which,、why.

which i still never forget.

this is the day when i joined the party.

which he spent reading the books.

where i found the book.

which makes machines.

this is the place which we once visited.

which i will never forget.

which i am looking for.

限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句

all the students who study hard have passed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了,，不努力的沒及格,。) all the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力,。(沒有人不及格,，這些學(xué)生都很努力。)

從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(如去掉,，主句意思就不完整或不正確,。) 從句是對先行詞的附加說明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚,，不受影響,。) 與主句關(guān)系密切,，不用逗號 與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時,，從句譯在先行詞前,，與先行詞用“的”連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句后面關(guān)系代詞that可以代替who,、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關(guān)系代詞不用that,只用who,、whom(指人),、which(指物) 關(guān)系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關(guān)系代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞as和which

先研究下面兩個例句：

○ elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =as everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇,。

○ didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. tom物理考試不及格,，這使得他父親很生氣。

這兩個例句中,，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容,。但有兩點不同之處：

1. 在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面,，不能位于主句的前面,。

2. 在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系,，常譯為“正如……”,，“就像……”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系,，或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對主句的評論,。因此，在意思通順的情況下,，which可代替as,，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2,。再如：

was late again, as / which we had expected. =as we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料,，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的,。

2. the street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了,，因此整條街很臟。(不用as)

young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財,，這是不光彩的,。(不 用as)

takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處,。(不用as)

has already been pointed out, english is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣,，英語對于初學(xué)者說,，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。在such…as…,、the same…as…,、as…、as many…/much as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替,。如：

books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對于初學(xué)的人來說是太難了,。

=books such as this are …

=books like this are …

2.i live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。

knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認(rèn)識所有到會的人,。

day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣,，都起得很早。

“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況

這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,，跟定語從句所*近的那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致,。如：

1. that is one of the books that are required for study at school.

2. this is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

3. she is one of the few persons who know spanish .

4. this is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語,，后面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式,，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：

is the only one of the teachers who knows french in our school.( 修飾the only one)

he is one of the teachers who know french in our school.( 修飾the teachers)

is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)

this is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)

as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,，有時可以互換,，但下列情況多用as。

1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時,。 as we all know, the earth is round.

2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時,，一般用as。 such books as you tell me are interesting. i have the same plan as you.

3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時,，用as,，反之則用which。 she has married again, as was expected. she has married again, which was unexpected.

4. as在從句中作主語時,，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài),，如be known，be said,，be reported等,，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語,。

she has been late again, as was expected.

tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇六

定語從句

定語從句（也稱關(guān)系從句,、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關(guān)系詞（英語：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語,，所以曾被稱為定語從句（英語：attributive clause）,，這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當(dāng)狀語等其他成分,，所以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語,。

在英語中,，定語從句主要通過關(guān)系代名詞法構(gòu)成。

特殊的關(guān)系從句

名詞性關(guān)系從句

名詞性關(guān)系從句（英語：nominal relative clause）又叫自由關(guān)系從句（英語：free relative clause）,，名詞性關(guān)系從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上不含有先行詞,，它的關(guān)系詞同時扮演了關(guān)系詞和先行詞的角色，因此名詞性關(guān)系從句的關(guān)系詞又叫縮合連接代詞,。例如：

i like what i see.（“what i see”是名詞性關(guān)系從句,，它沒有先行詞，與此同時縮合連接代詞“what”又直接充當(dāng)了“l(fā)ike”的賓語,。）

縮合連接代詞“what”可以根據(jù)語義解釋為“the thing(s) that”或“the person(s) that”,。

嵌入式關(guān)系從句

嵌入式關(guān)系從句（英語：embedded relative clause）是一種較復(fù)雜的關(guān)系從句，它既是先行詞的后置定語,，又是另一結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。例如：

she has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. （關(guān)系從句修飾“an adopted child",，同時又是“she says”的賓語）

雙重關(guān)系從句

雙重關(guān)系從句（英語：double relative clause）是指兩個關(guān)系從句修飾同一個先行詞的語法現(xiàn)象,。例如：

you can easily find us;just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing!

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇七

作者：郭克晴

在復(fù)合句中起定語作用、修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句,，被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞,。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞（that, which , who, whom等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）引導(dǎo)，位于先行詞之后,。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,、表語、賓語或定語,。在這里我們只簡單介紹關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法：

1.先行詞指物時,，關(guān)系代詞常用that或which。如：

china is a country which/that has a long history. 中國是個具有悠久歷史的國家,。（which/that代替先行詞country,，在從句中作主語。）

i always remember the stories which/that my mother told me during my childhood. 我總是記得童年時母親給我講的故事,。（which/that代替先行詞stories,，在從句中作told的賓語。）

2. 先行詞指人時,，關(guān)系代詞用who,， whom， whose或that,。

the students who studies hard is not afraid of the examination. 學(xué)習(xí)用功的學(xué)生不怕考試,。（who代替先行詞student，在從句中作主語,。）

this is the girl who/whom you want to see. 這就是你想見的那個女孩,。（who/whom代替先行詞girl,，并在從句中作see 的賓語。）

this is the boy whose bag was lost yesterday. 這就是昨天丟失了書包的那個男孩,。（whose代替the boys,，在從句中作定語。）

定語從句中考題 定語從句考試題及答案篇八

淺談定語從句

引導(dǎo)定語從句的有：關(guān)系代詞who(whom,?whose),，which,?that和關(guān)系副詞when,?where,?why等,。例如：

the?girl?who?had?lunch?with?me?yesterday?is?my?girl?friend.昨天與我共進午餐的那個女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行詞,，who是關(guān)系代詞)

the?book?that(which)i?am?reading?is?very?interesting.我正在看的這本書非常有趣,。(book是先行詞，that是關(guān)系代詞)

現(xiàn)略談一談關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用和用法,，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在先行詞和定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用,，它們可以作定語從句的一個成分：

一、關(guān)系代詞可以作定語從句的主語,、賓語或定語,。

指人，是主格,，在定語從句中作主語,；whom是賓格，在定語從句中作賓語,；whose是所有格,，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

(1)this?is?uncle?li?who?mended?computers?for?us.這就是為我們修電腦的李叔叔,。

the?student?who(that)is?playing?with?a?yoyo?is?only?seven.正在玩溜溜球的那個學(xué)生僅僅七歲,。

(2)?this?is?the?man(whom)i?met?in?australian?last?month.這就是我上個月在澳大利亞遇見的那個人。

the?soldier?whom?you?want?to?see?has?already?come.你要見的那名士兵已經(jīng)來了,。

(3)there?is?nobody?here?whose?name?is?gu?jianfei.這兒沒有名叫顧劍飛的人,。

my?aunt?whose?photo?i?showed?you?yesterday?will?come?to?see?us?this?evening.我姨媽今晚要來看我們，她的照片昨天我給你看過,。

指物,，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

(1)take?the?pencil?which?is?lying?on?the?desk.把課桌上的那支鉛筆拿去,。

we?visited?the?jade?buddha?temple,?which?is?in?the?northwestern?part?of?shanghai.我們參觀了玉佛寺,，它在上海西北邊。

(2)the?factory?which?we?visited?yesterday?is?very?famous?in?the?world.我們昨天參觀的那家工廠是全球聞名的,。

the?money?which?they?found?in?the?street?is?mine.他們在街上找到的錢是我的,。

指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語,。指物時,，它的用法和which大致相同。例如：

(1)the?comrade?that?you?saw?is?a?combat?hero.你見到的那個同志是個戰(zhàn)斗英雄,。(that作賓語,，指人)

is?this?the?pen?that?you?were?looking?for?你要找的鋼筆是這一支嗎?(that作賓語，指物)

(2)the?man?that?called?me?last?night?was?killed?this?morning.昨夜給我打電話的那個人今早給人殺了,。(that作主語,，指人)

there?is?no?difficulty?that?cannot?be?overcome.沒有不能克服的困難。(that作主語,，指物)

[注1]that和which都指事物時,，一般可以通用。但在下列情況下必須用that,，而不能用which:

1先行詞為all,，everything,?nothing,?something,?anything,?much?little,?few,?none,?the?one等時。例如：

say?all(that)you?know.把你知道的全部講出來,。

is?there?anything(that)i?can?do?for?you?now?現(xiàn)在需要我為你做點什么嗎?

this?book?contains?much?little?that?is?useful.這本書中有很多(沒有多少)有用的東西,。

i?mean?the?one?that?was?bought?yesterday.我指的是昨天買的那個。

2先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞(含last)修飾時,。例如：

this?is?the?first?film(that)i?have?seen?since?i?came?here.這是我到這里以來所看的第一部電影,。

the?last?place?they?visited?was?the?summer?palace.他們最后參觀的地方是頤和園,。

look?at?those?presents.?you?can?see?the?two?that?you?gave?me.看那些禮物,，你能看見你送我的那兩個嗎?

3先行詞被形容詞的最高級或the?very,?the?only等所修飾時。例如：

this?is?the?biggest?apple(that)i?have?ever?eaten.這是我所吃到的蘋果中最大的一個,。

she?is?the?very?thief(that)the?policeman?is?looking?for.她就是警察正在尋找的那個小偷,。

mary?is?the?only?friend(that)i?have?in?australia.瑪麗是我在澳大利亞唯一的朋友。

4先行詞中既有人又有物時,。例如：peter?and?his?car?that?disappeared?mysteriously?in?london?in?1987?appeared?mysteriously?in?new?york?in?1993.彼得和他的小轎車1987年在倫敦神秘地失蹤,，后來于1993年又神秘地出現(xiàn)在紐約。

we?were?deeply?impressed?by?the?teachers?and?schools?that?we?had?visited.我們訪問過的老師和參觀過的學(xué)校給我們留下了深刻的印象,。

5先行詞在主句中作表語,，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。例如：

this?is?a?dictionary?that?will?help?you?a?lot.這是本對你很有幫助的字典,。

don’t?cheat?me.?i’m?no?longer?the?boy?that?i?was?three?years?ago.別騙我了,，我再也不是三年前的我了。

[注2]在下列情況下不宜用that:

1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,。例如：

this?is?the?house?in?which?i?lived?ten?years?ago.這就是我十年前住過的房子,。

2.先行詞本身是that時。例如：

what?was?that?which?he?said?他說了些什么?

[注3]whom,which和that在定語從句中作賓語時，特別是在口語中,，往往可以省略,。例如：

the?man(that)you?got?the?news?from?is?a?friend?of?mine.告訴你這個消息的人是我的朋友。

is?that?the?car(which)you?want?to?buy?那就是你所要買的汽車嗎?

this?is?the?little?boy(whom)comrade?li?saved?yesterday.這就是李同志昨天救的那個小男孩,。

二,、關(guān)系代詞whom,?which在定語從句里作介詞的賓語時，介詞一般放在先行詞與關(guān)系代詞之間,。例如：

i?want?to?make?some?friends?from?whom?i?can?learn?a?lot.我想交幾個朋友,，從他們那兒我可以學(xué)許多東西。

但是,，有時介詞也可以放在賓語從句的后面,，特別是在省略了關(guān)系代詞時，介詞必須放在定語從句的后面,。例如：

the?room?which(that)we?live?in?is?very?bright.

the?room?we?live?in?is?very?bright.我們住的那間房間很明亮,。

三、關(guān)系代詞which有時指整個前面一句話,。這時關(guān)系代詞前面有逗號,，定語從句是附加的說明；which的意思相當(dāng)于and?this,。例如：

tom?said?he?didn’t?know?anything?about?kate,?which?was?a?lie.湯姆說他對凱特的情況一無所知,，這是撒謊。

the?worker?didn’t?do?any?work,，which?made?his?boss?very?angry.那個工人什么活也沒干,，這令老板非常生氣。

四,、關(guān)系副詞where,?when和why在定語從句中分別作地點狀語,、時間狀語和原因狀語。

指地點,，在定語從句中作狀語,，相當(dāng)于in等＋which。例如：

this?is?the?workshop?where(=in?which)i?work.這是我工作的車間,。

a?booking?office?is?a?place?where(=in?which)tickets?are?sold.售票處就是賣票的地方,。

指時間，在定語從句中作狀語,。例如：

he?came?at?a?time?when?we?needed?help.他在我們需要人幫忙的時候來到了,。

指原因、理由,，在定語從句中作原因狀語,。例如：

the?reason(why)he?changed?his?mind?is?not?clear.他改變主意的原因尚不清楚,。下面再略談一談限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語,，如果省去,，主語的意思就會不完整或不明確。這種從句和主句之間不能用逗號分開,。非限制性定語從句,，只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,，主句的意思仍然很清楚,，它和主句之間常用逗號分開。試比較下列句子：

(1)i?have?a?brother?who?is?a?doctor.我有一個當(dāng)醫(yī)生的兄弟,。(意思是我還有其他兄弟)(限制性定語從句)

(2)i?have?a?brother,?who?is?a?doctor.我有一個兄弟,，是個醫(yī)生。(意思是我只有一個兄弟)(非限制定語從句)

[注1]在非限制性定語從句里不宜用關(guān)系代詞that,。因此,，凡是that所引導(dǎo)的定語從句，一般都是限制性定語從句,。例如：

誤：she?gave?me?some?flowers,?that?were?very?beautiful.

正：she?gave?me?some?flowers,?which?were?very?beautiful.(非限制性定語從句)

正：she??gave??me??some??flowers??that(which)were?very?beautiful.(限制性定語從句)

[注2]非限制性定語從句在口語里很少用,，尤其是在對話里，經(jīng)常是采用簡單句或并列句,。例如：“i?have?a?brother,?who?is?a?doctor.”這句話,，在口語里總是說：“i?have?a?brother;?he?is?a?doctor.”或說：“i?have?a?brother,?and?he?is?a?doctor.”