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答案

D

解析

虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法：

A,、最基本的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型:

1. 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形,。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各個(gè)地方都一樣,，就不需要地理學(xué)家了。

2. 虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),，if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)即had＋過(guò)去分詞,，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.

3. 虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的或不確定的假設(shè),。If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去式或用were to / should +動(dòng)詞原形,，主句用would / should/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4. 省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的條件句,。有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞,、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去,，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語(yǔ)之前,，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

5. 有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if 從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)(otherwise, or, without, but for),、上下文或其它方式來(lái)表示,。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.

B、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中用should的情況:

1. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的動(dòng)詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.?？嫉降氖? suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在表示建議,要求,命令,想法的名詞后的從句里, 用should + 動(dòng)詞原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容詞后的that 從句中用should的結(jié)構(gòu), should 可以省略. 這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對(duì)必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

C,、 wish 后的 that 從句中:

1. 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望,從句中過(guò)去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句用過(guò)去完成式或would, could, might + have + 過(guò)去分詞.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果將wish改成wished, 其后that 從句中動(dòng)詞的形式不變.

D、 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 從句中,用過(guò)去式.表示“該是做什么的時(shí)候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that從句中,用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式,表示“寧愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

E,、 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感嘆句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同.

If only he didn’t drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)

If only she had asked someone’s advice.(過(guò)去)

If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái))

F,、 在as if / as though 從句中,表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑,用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況, 用過(guò)去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This device operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實(shí), 用陳述語(yǔ)氣.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅(jiān)持自己, 用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.